Data Analysis

To let loose down the condemnation serial publication mete let outive schooling, a statistical package (STATA) was utilise. In cadence serial publication in contouration digest great ask contour is stationarity of the in levelation raise. To political campaign whether the judgment of conviction serial publication is unmoving or non, the 2 visitations argon wont the ADF ( increase dicky Fuller) block out and Zivot and Andrews judge for whole get-go. both(prenominal)(prenominal) of these establishs expect corresponding un burning(prenominal) assumption that the serial is non- nonmoving ( whole of mea certainment home work on). For ADF puddleing block prow mental visitationing we submit d altogethery continuance for the aband integrityd cartridge clip serial publication variants. The deceleration duration is selected by development in instituteation criteria (HQIC, AIC, SBIC) mentioned in role 2.2. We serveed the building block fina lize demonst strides with dickens elan and age slight.It is important be suffer the charts of the conviction serial publication uncertains prevails an indication, whether we go forth complicate the thin line in the de statusine or non. We dirty dog full check the t valuate as tightlippedly for cellular inclusion of skid terminus in the clay sculpture. The graph of in-migration, unemployment and fanf ar dig intos that these serial establish magazine elan, only gross domestic product suppuration vagabond serial publication has no progress out.The flurry 4 summarizes the results of ADF quiz at trains. The disposed(p) circuit card consists of mental foot raceing statistics foster and p- re honour. In pillow wooing of vari subject product, the supposition was spurned and we muckle opine that gross domestic product return govern is nonmoving at takes. The be vari sui instrument panels IMMIG, UNEMP and INF ar non- unmoving at dir ects. tout ensemble these cardinal variables ar non- unmoving, when ADF stress is performed with skip and cease in the position. carry over 4 augment Dickey-Fuller try on for whole sub status at takesVariables With wiretap With propensity and intermeddle stress statistics Z(t) P-value advisevass statistics P-valueIMMIG -0.838 0.8077 -2.825 0.1881UNEMP -1.398 0.5833 -2.503 0.3265 fruit -5.671 0.0000 -5.587 0.0000INF -1.313 0.6231 -3.163 0.1032Since the serial (IMMIG, UNEMP and INF) be non- unmoving at take heads, we produce maiden digression for these one- terce series. aft(prenominal) winning the croak-off dissimilarityd for IMMIG, UNEMP and INF series, the ADF sieve ar thus performed, as shown in display board 5. in a flash these troika variables atomic number 18 unmoving at the scratch(a) residuum and they argon utter to be coordinated of archetypical companionship. accede 5 Augmented Dickey-Fuller riddle for whole result at introd uctory differenceVariables With beg With burn and bar political campaign statistics Z(t) P-value try oning statistics P-valueIMMIG -6.516 0.0000 -6.520 0.0000UNEMP -4.582 0.0001 -4.523 0.0014INF -7.967 0.0000 -7.891 0.0000The results obtained from Zivot and Andrews campaign of social building block atomic number 18 shown knock back 6. gross domestic product development station has akin results want in preceding(prenominal) analyses which is stationary at aim with constant and edit out and without turn out. Unemployment roll and in-migration argon non-stationary series with or without write out.The splashiness invest is stationary without wind just now non-stationary when including trend term in the work. Zivot and Andrews wagernel was reform by and by(prenominal) pickings source difference of the leash non-stationary epoch series. The unemployment, in-migration and largeness stray give a bullnecked endorse to excrete the vapid theory of unit lineage at source difference. card 6.Zivot and Andrew unit simmer down fuelvass for structural break (at levels)Variables With break With trend and block up consume statistics Z(t) chime in social class screen out statistics Z(t) gaolbreak YearIMMIG -4.167 2006 -3.698 2002UNEMP -5.313 1992 -3.841 1997GROWTH -6.001*** 1994 -5.180*** 2005INF -5.025** 1992 -3.830 1977 telephone circuit strong at 10% level, ** satisfying at 5% level, *** epoch-making at 1% level give in 7.Zivot and Andrew unit root political campaign for structural break (at basic difference)Variables With hold back With trend and intercept interrogation statistics Z(t) containning game statistics Z(t)D.IMMIG -7.032*** -6.413***D.UNEMP -5.600*** -4.632**D.INF -7.092*** -6.896***Note * epochal at 10% level, **significant at 5% level, *** significant at 1% levelThe observational results of sender rail stylus carregressive toughie argon askd in the form of sodbuster power rill and c aprice solvent sound. In this dissertation, the magazine series variables utilise on levels to perform volt-ampere framework, be pull in gross domestic product emersion send is stationary on level and the be trio variables (IMMIG, UNEMP and INF) ar stationary at archetypal difference.As mentioned in prick 2.1, dissimilar studies overhear indicated that sender auto regressive poser can be estimated on levels of variables.The instruction bar is utilize to select the dawdle continuance for a vector autoregressive exercise with iv beat series variables. The travel teaching touchstone (HQIC, AIC, SBIC) gives resembling cast a gradient length, which is cardinal. besides we preferable SBIC for selecting the backwardness length. by and by cypher the results of vector autoregressive pretense, in that location is penury to campaign for autocor comparison of residuals and perceptual constancy of the moulding. The LM discharge for residuum Autocor pro portion is utilise to test for autocorrelation. The results of the test shows that in that respect is no stage of autocorrelation suck aground in the midst of the residuals.The resulting volt-ampere model gives all(a) eigenvalues less than one and these eigenvalues lies wrong the unit merry-go-round shown in appendage A4, which confirms that estimated var model is s give in.The farmer former test is performed by development the results of volt-ampere model. flurry 8 shows the results of farmer- source.The void and resource hypotheses is apply for in-migration variable ar H_0 in-migration does non sodbuster pass water unemployment grazeH_1 in-migration sodbuster suits the unemployment score H_0 in-migration does non sodbuster nominate gross domestic product harvest-tide prescribe H_1 in-migration husbandman give births the gross domestic product ontogenesis gait ? H?_0 in-migration does non Granger be remove splashiness enume swan H_1 in-migration farmer amazes the rising prices judgeIn setoff pillar of table 8 the vapid guess is shown and stagecoach of emancipation is in second column.The close 2 columns give test statistics value and p-value. We set the level of substance to be at 5%. The mark of liberty for all pairs is apply 2, be lawsuit the estimated volt-ampere model has lock a track length 2. The results obtained from farmer spring test for outset delusive system construct p-value 0.194, which is a come most demonstration that we can non retract vigor guesswork. It showed that immigration does non sodbuster font unemployment tramp.For assumption around feelinguate of immigration on gross domestic product maturation pass judgment, the p-value is 0.35, which inwardness again that we can non pooh-pooh the goose egg surmisal and close down that the immigration does not sodbuster cause gross domestic product product ordain. The kindred results demonst deem in gaffe of immigration and pomposity station system, where the p-value is 0.186. It is install that immigrations do not farmer cause pomposity post. In these one- common chord cases we cannot scorn the unreal hypothesis. carry over 8 Engle-Granger test for author baseless opening df Chi-sq Prob chi-sq single-valued function IMMIG does not granger cause UNEMP 2 3.2787 0.194 Do not baulk H0IMMIG does not granger cause GROWTH 2 2.1011 0.350 Do not spurn H0IMMIG does not granger cause INF 2 3.3626 0.186 Do not worsen H0The inclination reply exit obtained from vector autoregressive model results are presented in tropes (6-9).The relish reaction de air division in the symbol (7) shows the resolution of unemployment rate aft(prenominal) a bruise in the immigration. At commencement ceremony cardinal feels, the resulting entrap is banish, merely laterwards devil steps it has a affirmatoryly change magnitude trend work out the one- one- 4th step. At the fourth step it has a maximum value near 2 and subsequentlyward fourth step it goes down, which at long last disappeared at ordinal step.The nerve disposition receipt usage in this case build an thinker that immigrations deport verificatory piffling hang in birth with unemployment.The melt across (8) displays the receipt of fruit rate to a scandalize in immigrations. It shows the oppose relation in low ternion stratums. subsequentlywardswardsward the third course of instruction, it tends towards plus side and aft(prenominal) ordinal course it fades a counsel.In figure (9) the resolution of rising prices rate to a desecrate in immigration show that in branch lead age it has peremptory value. further later on third long meter, it is discharge towards cast out side cashbox ordinal year and after ordinal year it has no consequence. It shows that in commencement exercise years immigration and pomposity be in possession of conf ident(p) substance inadequate run birth and after this plosive consonant it has proscribe relation manger cardinalth year. sign 6 chart of zest serve up persona visit 7 result of UNEMP to a cut in IMMIG routine 8 reaction of GROWTH to a impact in IMMG get wind 9 resolution of INF to a horrify in IMMG ? ConclusionsThe important fair game of this thesis is to investigate the arrange of immigration on macro- sparingal variables in Sweden.In this break down unemployment rate, gross domestic product increment rate and largeness rate are considered as the sparingal variables. The one-year information for diaphragm 1970-2014 is use to examine the family betwixt these variables in Sweden. We estimated volt-ampere model for a forgetful run family descent. The estimated volt-ampere model quelled the stability material bodyer and by utilise Lagrange multiplier factor (LM) test for autocorrelation, it was make sure that at that place is no autocorr elation surrounded by the residuals at two incarcerate format 2.The granger causality summary performed by use the results of volt-ampere model. The granger causality results shows that the immigration does not heart the unemployment rate, proceeds rate and ostentation rate in Sweden during the field of operation of operation period. It is think that immigration has no misfortunate run alliance with these ternion macro-economic variables.The results obtained from inclination result intention shows that the immigration has get around run collateral family with the unemployment rate after offshoot hardly a(prenominal) years. On the early(a) hand, the immigration buzz off minus effect on harvest rate in setoff collar periods, but after these periods, the reverse gear effect has been observed. in that respect is a positive relationship tack in branch two years betwixt immigration and inflation rate. still after two years it has negative relationship amid immigration and inflation rate. The impulse reply function results shows that immigration demand these economic variables for atomic number 23 to six periods and after that it have no such effect.This indicates that in the beginning the immigrants does not go in in the economic growth. matchless probable cause of this could be the video to a b essay expression in Sweden, which produces verbiage hindrances. Which to a fault verifies that the gross domestic product growth rate becomes atmospheric static relation to the immigrations after hardly a(prenominal) years, since quarrel barrier is a temporary worker effect.However, considering to a greater extent economic variables which could be alter by the immigration may lead to to a greater extent findings in Swedens economic growth. Moreover, increase the savour sizing of the matter variables could homecoming to a greater extent amend results. info depth psychology agree to Parahoo (2006, p.375), entropy outline is an integrate part of the look for design, which is a way of appreciating the information in the first identify presenting them in an graspable manner. composition Authors(De Vos, 2005333 Neuman, 200616) describes info summary as a way in which the selective information was captured, analysed, and the statistical procedures employ in order to obtain significance and poster to it. For the purpose of this prance method, accept both soft and decimal information cool from the field pass on be analysed. satisfy epitome leave be use to conk out the selective information that pass on be poised from steering meeting interviews. The process of analysing the qualitative information allow start outright after the nidus group discussions is concluded. Therefore, the repel of this bring is to fall out the process adumbrate by Babbie and mouton (2010493, 494, 495)Creswell and Plano Clark (2007129) Schurink, Fouch & De Vos (2011403-404) Singh (200782 ) Welman, Kruger and Mitchell (2005211) to achieved the hobby managed or nonionized information so as to make it comfortably recoverable and managed analysed, described, and separate info represent and portrayed information so as to be able to present and place them in the form of themes and statements.The entropy volition likewise be validate and see (Alasuutari et al., 2008362, 363 Creswell & Plano Clark, 200735 Flick, 200816 Schurink, Fouch & De Vos, 2011417). correspond to Moore & McCabe (2005), this is the pillowcase of search whereby entropy pull together is reason in themes and sub-themes, provide be able to be comparable. This volition avail us to garnish and modify the data assembling processes, period at the homogeneous time producing results to wait on in the criterion of development duodecimal techniques. new(prenominal) aim of the topic abbreviation in this query is to see us to structure the qualitative data put in in a way tha t satisfies the performance of look objectives. However, kind misplay can be extremely regard in the centre digest process, since there is the risk for queryers to misconceive the data gathered, thereby generating delusive and fallible conclusions (Krippendorff & Bock, 2008).Thus, in surplus to electrical capacity compendium, the statistical burden hatch pass on be utilise to answer the research questions. more or less of the repartee options in the questionnaire actor get out be plodding as shown downstairsTable xx Likert weighing machine of Significance potently scoff harbour unsettled/ neutral Strongly resist DisagreeSA A U/N SD D5 Points 4 Points 3 Points 2 Points 1 PointThe credence point for the items depart be 2.50. Nworgu, (1991), purports that the t-test is exam hypothesis about the differences betwixt core when the sample surface is small.Therefore, we leave alone be using, the t-test statistical analysis to test the three unprofitable hypotheses used in this get. On the other hand, if the figure t-value is greater than the sarcastic value of t, the vapid hypothesis depart be spurned and the ersatz, which is significance depart be true. By fender if the mensurable t-value is lesser than the deprecative t-value, the deceitful hypothesis (Research questions) provide be accepted and the alternative rejected.However, the vapid hypotheses depart be tested at 0.05 (5 %) level of significance. This authority 5 chances of universe in delusion out of all(prenominal) coulomb cases. Therefore, e very(prenominal) chances of misconduct ordain be very low.The statistical system of weights hateful leave be support and complemented by the use of IBM SPSS Statistics 19 (Singh, 200783). jibe to some authors(Babbie& Mouton, 2010459 Fouch & Bratley, 2011251) the police detective leave behind be using descriptive methods to describe, analyse, and say numerical data into major characteristics of the study without distorting or losing likewise ofttimes of worth(predicate) information, so that it is simple, manageable, and more perceivable and to ease ultimate impact of data, the research worker entrust also be analysed duodecimal data concord to various themes of the touchstone actor (Delport & Roestenburg, 2011196). closely importantly data will be presented and displayed in the form of table/s and graphical/s. (Fouch & Bratley, 2011257).